I am Zil Ilahi, manager of a small condom manufacturing company, called Virgin Condoms. We are a new company and we specialise in making offbeat condoms for the rich and experimental. As of now, I have a team of 15 sales personnel who are out in the  city for collecting orders from old and new  customers.
The challenge is that the warehouse is centrally located and stock is limited. Orders should be booked only if the stock exists in the warehouse. In order to prevent booking, in the case of a stock out I have developed…

An online order management system..

http://creator.zoho.com/puneet_nagpal/order-collection-application/view/4/

iframe height=”906px” width=”100%” name=”zohoform3″ frameborder=”0″ scrolling=”no” src=”http://creator.zoho.com/showForm.do?formLinkId=3&link=true&sharedBy=puneet_nagpal”>

iframe height=”906px” width=”100%” name=”zohoform3″  frameborder=”0″ scrolling=”yes” src=”http://creator.zoho.com/showForm.do?formLinkId=3&link=true&sharedBy=puneet_nagpal”></iframe>

Compiler

A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language). The original sequence is usually called the source code and the output called object code. Commonly the output has a form suitable for processing by other programs (e.g., a linker), but it may be a human-readable text file.

History of compiler

Software for early computers was exclusively written in assembly language for many years. Higher level programming languages were not invented until the benefits of being able to reuse software on different kinds of CPUs started to become significantly greater than the cost of writing a compiler. The very limited memory capacity of early computers also created many technical problems when implementing a compiler.

Towards the end of the 1950s, machine-independent programming languages were first proposed. Subsequently, several experimental compilers were developed. The first compiler was written by Grace Hopper, in 1952, for the A-0 programming language. The FORTRAN team led by John Backus at IBM is generally credited as having introduced the first complete compiler, in 1957. COBOL was an early language to be compiled on multiple architectures, in 1960.

In many application domains the idea of using a higher level language quickly caught on. Because of the expanding functionality supported by newer programming languages and the increasing complexity of computer architectures, compilers have become more and more complex.

Early compilers were written in assembly language. The first self-hosting compiler — capable of compiling its own source code in a high-level language — was created for Lisp by Hart and Levin at MIT in 1962. Since the 1970s it has become common practice to implement a compiler in the language it compiles, although both Pascal and C have been popular choices for implementation language. Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem — the first such compiler for a language must be compiled either by a compiler written in a different language, or (as in Hart and Levin’s Lisp compiler) compiled by running the compiler in an interpreter.

A-0 Language

The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into machine code that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the program.

The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2, A-3 (released as ARITH-MATIC), AT-3 (released as MATH-MATIC) and B-0 (released as FLOW-MATIC).

http://db.zoho.com:80/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?OBJID=23420000000002289&STANDALONE=true&privatelink=322db7ad6ac6b822890478bfd775c465

http://db.zoho.com:80/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?OBJID=23420000000002242&STANDALONE=true&privatelink=570a7abd1e30c5ffba005e0867939b07

http://db.zoho.com:80/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?OBJID=23420000000002190&STANDALONE=true&privatelink=1f7e32cc3dc92cc0e21d0fabdb9bcc31

Few Simple Steps to create your very own Online Database:

1) Log on to http://db.zoho.com
2) Create a user id for yourself
3) Log in
4) Create a table through the options present or make your own table.
5) Fill in the details of the database
6) Run the instruction for a New Query Table
7) Give instruction for query
Now repeat steps no 6 & 7 for other query
9) Copy and paste the above address on your blogpage.

Guys, as part of the how to do series…this week we shall learn how to convert data into third national form. For this purpose we will take up the example of a library data that is present in an un-normalised form and then try and convert it into 3rd national form…

The attributes:

Now, the next step is to identify certain entities and distribute the attributes to them. The one’s highlighted in green below are the entities.

That’s it folks…until next time….Keep the faith..

http://wikimapia.org/#lat=30.745764&lon=76.74845&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/6987596/Roots_of_a_genius

The following below is an excerpt of my dialogue with The Soul Of God, which lately has been concentrating on a project code named “Creating Life on Mars” after being thoroughly disturbed  with mankind’s endeavours after the second world war. Notwithstanding, the deviance between what was actually bestowed upon us…”The Green Planet” and where we have actually taken it…..a lot of progress has happened since then due to the emergence of an unique entity named Information Technology and one of its poster boys titled System Architecture. Therefore, what follows forth are the Soul’s questions and the IT consultant’s reply to the same…..

Soul:  I want to hit the ground running while designing  mars. For this, I would require to streamline its architecture from the very start…But, I am having trouble understanding it from the already dead…Therefore, I had to establish a communication with you. Could you describe me what system architecture or system engineering is?

Me: Yes, of course…Although on earth we have a lack of consensus as to what it exactly is I would like to quote the definitions from Microsoft Encarta dictionary that has assumed your role since you been gone…

·       Complex whole formed from related parts: a combination of related parts organized into a complex whole i.e. a social system

·       Way of proceeding: a method or set of procedures for achieving something i.e. I have worked out a system for identifying likely failures.

·       Computing – set of computer components: an assembly of computer hardware, software, and peripherals functioning together i.e. The system’s down again.

·        Engineering – assembly of components: an assembly of mechanical or electronic components that function together as a unit.

“Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem.

Soul: Hmmm…seems like quite a bit has been happening. But what exactly is the need for it?

Me : An alternative way of thinking about it is to consider those technical aspects of a development program that aren’t specific to the particular output. This is something that is done all the time with project management. Project management as you know is about controlling cost and resources, regardless of what those resources are attempting to achieve, be it build a bridge, organise a festival, or run an advertising campaign. Systems Engineering is about delivering the correct system, be it a bridge, a web application or an aeroplane.

Soul: So, what would be the components of such architecture?

Me: I would say we can segregate them as Hardware and Software. The Hardware part consists of computers, large servers, storage devices and connection network. The software part is the applications that process and distribute the data. These components are best linked through a process known as architectural tiers.

Soul: Could you describe these architectural tiers in detail?

Me: Basically there are 4 types of architecture:

·       Single tier architecture

·       Two tier architecture

·       Three tier architecture

·       Multi tier architecture

Now what happens in single tier architecture, is that all of the application processing takes place on a single computer—this includes user interface, business logic, and data processing. This is common on mainframe computers. In two tire architecture, the data is kept in server and the applications are in the individual computers. To connect data centres, generally LAN network is primarily used. In three tier the application and data is kept centrally in different servers. The users computers have only user interface. This tier helps when all the business applications and data need to be kept in centralized place and any change in the business process must affect whole business. Lastly, in a multi-tier there are 4 layers – Data server, Business application server, Web server and finally the Users which are connected through the internet. But the main consideration in this is that the business application needs to be web enabled. The first 3 layers can either be on the same machine or on different ones.

Soul: Generalizing my experience of life..can I say that the above architectures you have mentioned would tend to have their own pro’s and con’s.

Me: Yes, you are absolutely right.. Single tier applications are most secure, they are manageable and controllable. However there is no flexibility and growth. There is no user independence, and the availability is not good. Moreover the cost to upgrade a mainframe is substantial due to proprietary parts. In two tier, flexibility, growth and user independence is better compared to one tier. The applications are very easy to write. It has convenient graphic user interface. However is has some disadvantages. It is not scalable, because each client requires its own database session, and it has high bandwidth requirements. Three tier provides the advantages of flexibility, user independence and availability. However they lack in security, manageability and control.
Multiple tier has various advantages. It is most scalable because the processing load is distributed among multiple server nodes. This improves the overall system’s performance. The disadvantages are that business application has to be web enabled. The greater amount of network traffic puts more load on the network. It is more complicated to administer.

Soul: Hmm…one last thing. Wouldn’t a lot of complexities crop up in these systems and if yes how to resolve them?

Me:  A lot of them can be simply solved by using a Relation Database Management System (RDBMS) which makes sure that there is data consistency across different locations and time periods and making it easier to manage backup, security & access authentication. Secondly, these can be solved by  ERP  implementation. Multiple vendors can create multiple problems; therefore ERP can really be beneficial for the organisation. The key ingredient for this is the use of a unified database to store data for the various systems modules, to break the silos. There can also be some specific software for special requirements. Thirdly, in order to secure  the system & data, firewall servers can be used.

Soul: Wow…you earthlings are a lot more intelligent than what we think sitting up there. And, as a gesture of this appreciation I would like to gift you an coupon which you can redeem for reincarnation on mars once you travel through the space between life and death.

( With this the Soul fades away……and I get up from my dreamful slumber)